TEMPER CHARACTERISTICS AND DAMAGE DIAGNOSIS OF SOME PRE-DYNASTIC POTTERY IN TELL HASSAN DAOUD, ISMAILIA, EGYPT

Elghareb, Walid

doi:10.21608/jguaa2.2024.210489.1135

TEMPER CHARACTERISTICS AND DAMAGE DIAGNOSIS OF SOME PRE-DYNASTIC POTTERY IN TELL HASSAN DAOUD, ISMAILIA, EGYPT

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Walid Elghareb

Faculty of Archaeology, Zagazig University, Egypt.

10.21608/jguaa2.2024.210489.1135

Abstract

الخواص التركيبية للإضافات وتشخيص تلف فخار عصر ما قبل الاسرات بتل آثار حسن داؤود بالإسماعيلية، مصر [AR]
يقع تل حسن داؤود بمحافظة الاسماعيلية ويعود تاريخه الي عصر ما قبل الاسرات وتم الفحص والتحليل للعينات محل الدراسة بالميكروسكوب المجسم Stereoscopic Microscope والفحص بالميكروسكوب المستقطب polarizing Microscope والفحص بالميكروسكوب الإلكتروني الماسح Scanning Electron Microscope المزود بوحدة تشتت طاقة الأشعة السينية EDX)) والتحليل بطريقة حيود الأشعة السينيةX-Ray Diffraction. والتحليل الحراري Thermal Analysis. وأثبتت الفحوص والتحاليل المختلفة الخواص التركيبية للإضافات المستخدمة في صناعة الفخار في عصر ما قبل الاسرات وهي التبن المقرط والرمل ومسحوق الفخار ومسحوق الحجر الجيري وتعيين نوع الطين المستخدم في تشكيل الاواني وهو الطفلة النيلية Nile Clay والمعالجات السطحية هي الغسول الأحمر. والحرق شبه جيد وجو الحرق مزيج من الجو المؤكسد والمختزل. كما اثبت البحث مظاهر تلف فخار عصر ما قبل الاسرات بالموقع الاثري حيث يعاني الفخار من تشوه سطحي بفعل رواسب التربة الرملية الطينية، فضلا عن ظاهرة تقشر السطح وطبقة البطانة وشروخ دقيقة وعميقة وظاهرة الكسر وانفصال الحبيبات الخشنة « التحبب» وقلة المتانة والفجوات واللب الأسود والاملاح المتبلورة مثل الكلوريدات والكبريتات والكربونات والفوسفات من جراء الدفن في تربة زراعية. وبناءا على نتائج الفحوص والتحاليل يحتاج الي تدخلات علاجيه لترميمه وصيانته وعرضه متحفيابتل اثار حسن داؤود بالإسماعيلية.

[En] Tell Hassan Daoud site is located in Ismailia Governorate and dates back to the pre-dynastic period. Many microscopic examinations were used in the research such as stereoscopic microscope, polarizing microscope, scanning electron microscope equipped with an X-ray energy dispersive unit (EDX), X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis. The various examinations and analyses proved temper characteristics in archaeological pottery, which consist of burnt straw, sand, limestone powder «calcite», and pottery powder «grog». The type of clay used in shaping pots is Nile clay. The surface treatment is red wash «hematite». The burning atmosphere is a mixture of a oxidizing and reducing. The research revealed damage to the pre-dynastic pottery at the archaeological site. The pottery exhibits superficial deformation caused by sandy clay soil sediments, surface peeling, micro cracks, macro cracks, fractures, separation of grains, granulation, poor durability, gaps, a black core, and the presence of crystalline salts such as chlorides, sulfates, carbonates, and phosphates due to burial in agricultural soil.. Based on the results of examinations and analyses, treatment interventions are required for the restoration, maintenance, and display of the pottery

Keywords

Main Subjects

Conservation and Restoration

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