AN ARTISTIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF METAL LAMPS DURING THE ALAWITE DYNASTY: THE MODEL OF A NEW COLLECTION KEPT AT THE CHURCH OF THE VIRGIN MARY IN HARIT ZUWAILA, CAIRO

Elsayed, Nourhan Adel; Elnabarawi, Rafat Mohammed; Mohammed, Azza Abdelmoatey

doi:10.21608/jguaa2.2024.248563.1155

AN ARTISTIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF METAL LAMPS DURING THE ALAWITE DYNASTY: THE MODEL OF A NEW COLLECTION KEPT AT THE CHURCH OF THE VIRGIN MARY IN HARIT ZUWAILA, CAIRO

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Islamic Archaeology Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University

10.21608/jguaa2.2024.248563.1155

Abstract

[Ar]
دراسة أثرية فنية للقناديل المعدنية فى عصر الأسرة العلوية فى ضوء مجموعة جديدة محفوظة فى كنيسة السيدة العذراء بحارة زويلة بالقاهرة
إن دراسة الفنون القبطية بشكل عام وفن تشكيل المعادن بشكل خاص لها أهمية كبيرة في تاريخ الفنون الإنسانية ككل، وذلك لتميزها، وربما تفردها بين المصنوعات المعدنية المماثلة، وربما لتفردها وكشفها لثقافة الفنان وارتباطه بهويته الدينية وموروثاته الثقافية، إضافة إلى إبداعه الخاص به، واطلاعه على فنون البلاد المحيطة به، وتأثير هذا كله على فكره الخاص وإنتاجه الفنى. ويعرض هذا البحث مجموعة من القناديل المعدنية المحفوظة بكنيسة السيدة العذراء بحارة زويلة بالقرب من حي الجمالية بالقاهرة، والتي تنشر هذه المجموعة لأول مرة وتتميز بتنوع شكلها العام وزخارفها وأساليبها الفنية، كما أن لها أهمية خاصة من حيث إنها تعود إلى العصر الحديث، وبالتحديد نهاية عصر أسرة محمد علي في مصر، ولذلك وقع الاختيار عليها لدراستها بصورة مفصلة. وسوف نقوم بدراسة المجموعة المهمة لأنها تعكس دور الفنان القبطي، وكذلك المدرسة للمصنوعات المعدنية في هذه الفترة الزمنية، كما يتيح لنا الفرصة للتعرف على أعمال فنية جديدة تسد فجوة في دراسة تاريخ الفن القبطي في النصف الأول من القرن الرابع عشر الهجرى، العشرين الميلادى، وتسليط الضوء على بعض التحف التى تفصح عن حالة الفنون في عصر أسرة محمد علي، خاصة مع قلة الدراسات المتوفرة حول فن تصنيع وتشكيل المعادن في ذلك العصر من جهة، وتفرد الزخارف وتنوعها ودقة الصنعة، إضافة إلى تنوع المواد الخام من جهة أخرى. إضافة إلى معرفة دور أثرياء القبط فى توفير بعض التحف الفنية كوقف على الكنائس عامة، تقربًا بها سواء للأحياء أو للمتوفين.

[En] The study of Coptic arts, in general, and the art of metalworking, in particular, has great importance in the history of arts as a whole. Its uniqueness and diversity set it apart from similar metal artifacts, revealing the artist’s cultural and religious identity, and his connection to cultural legacies.This research presents a group of metal lamps preserved in the Church of the Virgin Mary in Harit Zuwaila in Cairo. This group, which is published for the first time, is distinguished by the diversity of its decorations and artistic styles. It has special importance in that it dates back to the end of the era of Muhammad Ali’s family in Egypt. We will study this important collection because it reflects the role of the Coptic artist, as well as the artistic state of metalwork at this time. It also allows us the opportunity to learn about new works of art that fill a gap in the study of the history of Coptic art in the first half of the 14^th century AH/20^th century AD, and Islamic art in the era of Muhammad Ali dynasty. This study is important because there is limited research available on the art of manufacturing and shaping metals. Moreover, this study highlights the unique characteristics of antique decorations, showcasing their diversity, meticulous craftsmanship, and the variety of materials used. It also explores the contributions of wealthy Coptic families to the development and support of churches.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Bibliography

ʿAbdulwaḥed, A.: Qiṣat al-mʿādin al-ṭamīna, Cairo (al-Haiʾa al-^cāma al-miṣrīya lil-kitāb) 1963.

ʿAṭiya, ʿA.: Dirasāt fī al-fan al-turkī, 1^st ed., Cairo) Maktabt al-Nahḍa) 2007.

Abū Sdira, E.: al-Ḥirif wa ṣinaʿāt fī Miṣr Munḏu al-fatḥ al-ʿrabī wa ḥatta Nihayat al-ʿaṣr al-fāṭimī, Cairo (GEBO) 1991.

Albaša, Ḥ.: al-Miṧkah, kitāb al-Qahira (tāriḫuha, funūniha, aṯhāruha), Cairo (al-Ahrām Press) 1970.

El-Ḥarṭy, N.:«Tuḥaf al-aʾṭāṭ al-maʿdanī fī al-ʿaṣr al-ʿuṭmānī. dirāsa fanīya ḥaḍāriya», Phd Thesis,Faculty of Šariʿa and Islamic Studies/ Umm Al-Qura University, Makka 1981.

ALJABURY, S.: «al-Zaḫarif al-nabātīya fī ʿimārit al-ʿaṣr al-ʿabāsī fī Baḡdād. dirasa taḥliliyah», Al-Najah Journal for Research 9/33, 1507-1536.

Al-Qināwī, M.: «Ramzīyat al-kurūm fī al-fan al-qibṭī », Proceeding of Fayyūm, first Conference, April 7-8, 2001, Faculty of Archaeology/ Fayyūm University, 2002.

Bahy al-dīn, D.: »al-Ramzīya wa dalālātiha fī al-fan al-qibtī», MA Thesis, Faculty of Arts/ Alexandria University, 2009.

Copper, G: al-Mawsū^ca al-muṣawara lil-rumūz al-taqlīdīya, translated by M.Mahmoud, 1^st ed., Cairo (National Center for Translation) 2014.

Dimand, M.S: al-Funūnal-islamiya, translated by Aḥmad ʿIsā, 3^rd ed., Cairo (Dār al-ma^cārif) 1980.

Drioton, E.: Les Sculpture Copte du Nilometre de Rodah, Le Caire (Publications de Société Copte)1942.

El-ʿaṭṭār, i.: «ʾAdawāt waʾawānī al-maṭbaḫ waʾlṧarāb al-zuǧaǧiya waʾl-mʿdniya ʿaṣr al-usra al-ʾalawiya fī ḍawʾ maǧmūʾat matāḥif al-qāhira. dirāsa aṯariya fanīya (1220-1373 AH/ 1805/1953 AD)», MA Thesis, Faculty of Arts/ Tanta University, Tanta, 2017.

El-ǧamāl, i.: «al-Tuḥaf al-manqūla bikanisat Mary Girgis bi Miṣr al-qadīma. Dirāsa aṭariya fanīa», PhD Thesis, Faculty of Archaeology/Cairo University, 2021.

El-Gendy, š.: Aʾṭar Miṣr al-masīiḥiya, Cairo (^cAin Š hams University) 2010.

El- Sayed, n.:« al-ʾAṧġāl al-ḥaǧariya min al-qarn 1-2 AH/ 7-8 AD: Taṭbīqanʿala Daīr al-Anba Apollo bi-Bawiṭ. dirāsaaṭariyafanīa», MA Thesis, Faculty of Archaeology/ Cairo University, 2019.

Faris, m.: «al-Rumūz al-qibtīya wa dalālātiha», Rakoty 3, 2010, 6-9.

Fuʾad, h.: «al-Muqtanyāt al-fanīya Bi qaṣr al-aʾmira Faṭima Ismaʿil Bil-matḥaf al-ziraʿi Bil-Duqqī. dirāsa aṭariya fanīa», MA Thesis, Faculty of Archaeology/ Cairo University, 2021.

Ḥasan, ʿd.: »al-Zaḫarif al-nabātīya waʾl-handasīya fī al-maḫṭūṭāt al-ʿarabīya al-maḥfūẓa Bidair Saint Kattrine»,MA Thesis, Faculty of Archaeology/ Cairo University, Cairo, 2014.

Hirmina, g.: »al-Manadhir al-ṭabīʿīya waʾl-dīnīya waʾl-ramzīya fī al-taṣwīr al-qibtī. dirāsa aṭariya taḥlīlīya muqārana Biʾl-fan al-maṣrī waʾl-fan al-islamī», PhD Thesis, Faculty of Archaeology/ Cairo University, Cairo, 2010.

Ismaʿil, ṧ.: «Symbolism in Fresco and Tempra Coptic Mural Paintings in Egypt before Arab Conquest», MA Thesis, Faculty of Tourism & Hotels/ Helwan University, 1997.

Gaʿfar, A.: «al-Tuḥaf al-manqūla biʿmʾir wasaṭ al-Delta fī ḍawʾ maǧmū^ca ǧadīda ḫilal ^casr usrat MohamadʿAli Pāšā (1220-1373 AH/1805-1954 AD», MA Thesis, Faculty of Archaeology/ Cairo University, Cairo 2021.

Kabeil, M.: «Coptic Construction in the Ancient Egyptian Temples in Upper Egypt: From the Third Century up till the End of Seventh Century AD», PhD Thesis, Faculty of Arts/ ʿAinṦams University, 2009.

Ḫalil, R.: «Adawāt al-iḍāʾa al-mʿdanīya fī al-qarn al-tāsiʿ ʿaṧr fī ḍawʾ ḍawʾ. Dirāsa fanīa aṭariya», Ḥawliyyaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab - Dirāsāt fi Aṯār Al-Waṭan Al-ʿarabī) cguaa) 20, 2017, 952-975.

Luṭfī, S.: al-Zaḫārif al-nabātīya waʾl-handasīya ʿala al-nuqūd al-islamīya munḏu bidāyat al-qarn 7 AH/ 13 AD wa ḥattā nihāyat al-qarn 12 AH/ 18 AD», MA Thesis, Faculty of Archaeology/ Cairo University, Cairo, 2005.

Mahdy, n.: «al-ʾAšġāl al-ḫašabīya al-Islamiya al-mahfūẓa fī matḥaf Baīt al-krītlīya dirāsa fanīa aṭariya», MA Thesis, Faculty of Archaeology/ Cairo University, Cairo, 2014.

Abū fātima, m.: «al-Zaḫārif al-ǧiṣīya biʿamāʾir al-Maġrib al-Aqṣā ḫilal al-ʿṣrain al-murābiṭī waʾl-muwaḥidī (448-668AH/ 1056/1269 AD) dirāsa fanīa aṭariya», MA Thesis, Faculty of Archaeology/ Cairo University, Cairo 2018.

Maldonado, b.: al-Fan al-islamī fī al-ʾAndadlus (al-zaḫarafa al-nabātīya), translated by. Aly Ibrahim, 1^st ed. Cairo (Supreme Council of Culture) 2012.

Malibarī, z.: «Usus fan al-tawrīq waʿnāṣirihi fī ʾlzaḫarfa al-islamīya», Ma Thesis, Faculty of Artistic Education/ Umm al-Qura University, 1414 AH/ 1993 AD.

Marzūq, m.: al-Funūn al-zuḫrufīya al-islamiya fīMiṣr qabl al-fāṭimīyyn, 1^st ed., Cairo (Maktabat al- Anglo) 1974.

Rizq, ʿA.: Muʿǧam muṣṭalahṭ al-ʿmara walfunūn al-islamiya, 1^st ed., Cairo (Maktabt Madbuly), 2000.

Metry, ṧ.: «Dirāsat asālīb taṧkīl al-maṧġūlāt al-maʿādanīya al-qibtīya waʾl-ifāda minhā kamadḫal litadrīs mādat aṧġāl al-mʿādin liṭulāb al-kuliyāt al-nawʿīya)», MA Thesis, Faculty of Specific Education/ Helwan University, Cairo, 2002.

Miḫail, A.: «al-Ṣalīb fī al-funūn al-kubra al-qibṭīya (al-naḥt waʾl-ǧadarīat): al-šakl waʾl-madlūl)», MA Thesis, Faculty of Arts/ Alexandria University, Alexandria, 2015.

Muḥamad, ḥ.: »Muqtanyāt al-amīr Youssef Kamāl al-fanīya al-maḥfūẓa fī matāḥif al-qāhīra waʾl -Iskandrīya», PhD Thesis, Faculty of Archaeology/ Cairo University, 2021.

Monir, k.: «Dīrāsa litaṣwīr hāla al-nurānīya fī al-fan al-qibṭī ḥata munṭaṣaf al-qarn al-sābiʿ al-mīlādī», MA Thesis, Faculty of Arts/ Alexandria University, Alexandria, 2013.

Moussa, w.: »al-Adawāt al-manzlīya fī ʿaṣr usrat Mohamad ʿAli dirāsa aṭariya fanīa», MA Thesis, Faculty of Archaeology/ Cairo University, Cairo, 2018.

moussa, h.: «al-Taʾṭīrāt al-fanīya waʾl-miʿmārīya al-mutābadal fī al-ʿimāra al-dinīya al-masīḥīya waʾl-islamīya fī Madīnat al-Qāhira fī al-ʿaṣr al-islamī», MA Thesis, Faculty of Arts/ Tanta University, 2013.

Muṭawʿ, ḥ.: «al-Zaḫārīf al-maḥfurā ʿala al-ḥaǧr waʾl-ruḫām fī ʿaṣr al-Dawla al-Umawīya bil-Andalus wa ʿaṣr duwaīlāt al-ṭwāʾif», MA Thesis, Faculty of Arts/ Alexandria University, Alexandria 1991.

Muṭaweʿ, ḥ.: al- Funūn al-islamīya ḥatta nihāyat al-ʿaṣr al-Fāṭīmī, 1^st ed., Alexandria) Dār al-Wafāʾ ( 2011.

NaẒir, w.: al-Ṭarwa al-nabātīya ʿind al-miṣrīyyīn al-Qudamāʾ, Cairo (al-Haiʾa al-^cāma al-miṣrīya lil-kitāb) 1970.

Posner, g.:Mu^cǧam al-ḥaḍāra al-misrīya al-qadīma, translated by Amīr Salāma, Cairo (al-Haiʾa al-^cāma al-miṣrīya lil-kitāb) 1996.

Nabila, a.: «al-Tuḥaf al-mʿdanīya al-ʿuṭmānīya al-maḥfūẓa bil-matḥaf al-waṭanī lil-aṭār al-qadīma: dirāsa fanīa aṭariya», MA Thesis, Institute of Archaeology/ University of Algeria, Algeria 2009.

Aṭṭaher, s.: «al-Nabāt kawiḥda taṧkilīya fī taṣmīm ʾaʿmāl al-naḥt al-bāriz fī Miṣr Qadīman wa ḥadīṭan», PhD Thesis, Faculty of Fine Arts/ Helwan University, Cairo 2014.

ṢalaḤ, A.: al- Funūn al-islamīya fī alʿaṣr al-ayyubī, Part.1, 1^st ed., Cairo ( Markaz al-kitāb lil-Našr) 1999.

Wagdy, i.: «al-Aṧġhāl a-ruḫām fī al-ʿimāra al-dīnīya fī madānat al-Qāhira fī ʿahd MoḥamadʿAli wa ḫulafʾiha dirāsa fanīa aṭariya», MA Thesis, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Cairo 2007.

Yousef, n.: Mawsūʿat al- tuḥaf al-mʿdanīya), Part. 2, 1^st ed., Cairo (Dār al-fikr al-^crabī) 2010.