El-Ghareb, W. (2021). MICROSTRUCTURE AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF SOME PTOLEMAIC POTTERY OBJECTS AT TELL ABU YASIN IN SHARKIA, EGYPT: CASE STUDY. Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists, 6(1), 154-174. doi: 10.21608/jguaa2.2020.43613.1036
Walid El-Ghareb. "MICROSTRUCTURE AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF SOME PTOLEMAIC POTTERY OBJECTS AT TELL ABU YASIN IN SHARKIA, EGYPT: CASE STUDY". Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists, 6, 1, 2021, 154-174. doi: 10.21608/jguaa2.2020.43613.1036
El-Ghareb, W. (2021). 'MICROSTRUCTURE AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF SOME PTOLEMAIC POTTERY OBJECTS AT TELL ABU YASIN IN SHARKIA, EGYPT: CASE STUDY', Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists, 6(1), pp. 154-174. doi: 10.21608/jguaa2.2020.43613.1036
El-Ghareb, W. MICROSTRUCTURE AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF SOME PTOLEMAIC POTTERY OBJECTS AT TELL ABU YASIN IN SHARKIA, EGYPT: CASE STUDY. Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists, 2021; 6(1): 154-174. doi: 10.21608/jguaa2.2020.43613.1036
MICROSTRUCTURE AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF SOME PTOLEMAIC POTTERY OBJECTS AT TELL ABU YASIN IN SHARKIA, EGYPT: CASE STUDY
Professor at Faculty of Archeology, Zagazig University, Egypt.
Abstract
(En) Tell Abu Yasin is one of the most important sites in Sharkia governorate and dates back to Ptolemaic age. Many tests and analyses were performed to diagnose damage manifestations of some pottery pieces. The research has proven that the clay used in that pottery is Nile Clay, while tempers are sand, grog, and limestone powder. The used shaping technology was potter wheel, surface treatment is slip layer, and the burning atmosphere inside the kiln was reduced for the first pot and oxidized to the second and third piece. Pottery objects suffer from physiochemical damage by soil sediments, in addition to phenomenon of fracture, scaling, cracking, weakness, fragility, and crystallization of chlorides, sulfates, carbonates and phosphate salts as a result of burial in saline clay soil. The research recommends that restoration; treatment and maintenance of these pottery pieces should be on the basis of examination results, analyses and damage assessment that have been proven by the researcher.
(Ar) تل آثار ابوياسين من أهم مواقع محافظة الشرقية، ويقع على بعد 4 کم جنوب شرق ابو کبير و40 کم شمال شرق الزقازيق، وهو ينتمى من الناحية الأثرية إلى العصر البطلمىPtolemaic age حيث کشفت الحفائر التي قامت بها بعثة المجلس الأعلى للآثار عن العديد من الآثار الفخارية المختلفة الأشکال والألوان، فضلا عن العديد من مواقد الأفران المختلفة وجبانة تضم بعض التوابيت الجرانيتية. وتم إجراء العديد من الفحوص والتحاليل المختلفة مثل الفحص بالميکروسکوب المستقطب Polarized Microscope (PLM) والتحليل بالميکروسکوب الالکترونى الماسح المزود بوحدة تشتت طاقة الأشعة السينية « Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive of X-Ray Unit والتحليل بطريقة حيود الأشعة السينية X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) والتحليل الحرارى Thermal Analysis (DTA) .واستخدمت الفحوص والتحاليل المختلفة بغرض التعرف على تکنولوجيا الصناعة وتشخيص مظاهر تلف بعض القطع الفخارية بتل ابوياسين بالشرقية کدراسة حالة .ولقد أثبت البحث أن الطفلة المستخدمة في صناعة الفخار الأثرى بتل ابوياسين بالشرقية بشرق الدلتا من نوع الطفلة النيلية Nile Clay، أما الإضافات Tempers عبارة عن الرمل sand ومسحوق الفخار « grog »pottery powder ومسحوق الحجر الجيرى limestone powder و التبن المقرط burnt straw من خلال ملاحظة أماکن حرق التبن المقرط اثناء الحرق للفخار داخل الفرن، وتقنية التشکيل المستخدمة هى تقنية التشکيل بالعجلة potter wheel والمعالجة السطحيةSurface Treatment من نوع طبقة البطانة Slip Layer، أما جو الحرق داخل الفرن کان جوا مختزلا للقطعة الأولى ومؤکسدا للقطعة الثانية والثالثة. کما أثبت البحث أيضا أن معظم الآثار الفخارية بتل ابوياسين بالشرقية بشرق الدلتا تعاني من التلف الفيزيوکيميائى Physiochemical damage مثل رواسب التربة soil sediments، بالإضافة الى ظاهرة الکسر breaking، والتقشرpeeling والتشرخ cracking والضعف weakness، والهشاشية fragility وتبلور الأملاح مثل الکلوريدات chlorides والکبريتات sulfates والکربوناتcarbonates من جراء الدفن فى التربة. ويوصى البحث بترميم وعلاج وصيانة تلک القطع الفخارية بناءا على نتائج الفحوص والتحاليل وتقييم مظاهر التلف للقطع الفخارية بالموقع الأثري التي أثبتها البحث.
ABD ᾿EL –HAMID, S.M.,: «Horbait :Site and History», Annals of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, No.4,2007, 668-677
ABDEMMONIEM, M., NAGLAA, M., WAEL, S.M., ASHRAF Y.E., & AHMED, A.: «Archaeometry Study of a Polychrome Wooden Coffin from 26th Dynasty- Egypt», Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry,20/ 1, 2020, 7-17.
ASHURST, J., & ASHURST, N.: Practical building conservation, Vol. 2, Brick, Terracotta and Earth, London: (Gower Publishing Ltd,) 1989,72-73.
BAYAZT, M., ISIK, I., ISSI, A. &, GENC, E.: «Spectroscopic and Thermal Techniques for the Characterization of the First Millennium AD Potteries from Kuriki-Turkey», Ceramics. International 40, 2014, 14769–14779
BIRDI, K. S.: «Scanning probe Microscopes» in Application in Science and Technology, 1-15, London, 2003, 1-2.
BOUKHENOUF, A., & IAICHOUCHEN, O.: «Study of Terracotta Vaulting Tubes from A new Archaeological Site in Miakou, Algeria», International Journal of Conservation Science, 11/ 1, 2020, 51-60.
BOURRIAU, j. :Pottery from Nile Valley before the Arab Conquest, London: (Cambridge University Press) 1981,15.
BUYS, S., & OAKLEY, V.: The Conservation and Restoration of Ceramics, Oxford: (Routledge) 1999, 24 .
CINTEZA, L.O., & EMANDI, A.: «Trends in Nanotechnology-Based Analytical Methods in Cultural Heritage», international Congress Chemistry for cultural heritage, Istanbul, Turkey, 2012, 28.
CLIMENT,A.S.,CARLOS,J.S.,FRANCISCO,J.P.,&MARIA,L.C.,: «Archaeometric Characterization of the Ceramics from two Celtiberian Hillforts: Preliminary Results», Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 18/ 1, 2018, 237-253.
CRONYN, J.: The Elements of Archaeological Conservation, Oxford: (Butterworth, Heinemann, ltd.) 1996, 29.
᾿El-GHARIB, W.: «Study of Treatment and Maintenance of Bronze and Pottery Antiquities Extracted from Excavations», Ma Thesis, Faculty of Archeology, Cairo University, 2001, 150-155.
᾿El- GHAREB, W.: «Analytical Study of Some Unfinished Obelisk Quarry Pottery Vessels in Aswan, Egypt, Case Study», American International Journal of Contemporary Research. 7/ 4, 2017, 76-77.
᾿El-GOHARY, M., El-GHAREB, & W. SAAD, M.:« Damage Quantification of Archaeological Pottery in Sheikh Hamad «Athribis» Sohag- Egypt Ceramics International Journal 45 /14, 2019, 17611-17619.
FLORIAN, M.: «The underwater Environment», in Conservation of Marine Archaeological Objects, edited by PEARSON, C., London: ( Butterworth-Heinemann) 2000 ,1.
GRIMSHAW, R.: The Chemistry and Physics of Clay, London: (Wiley-Interscience) 1971, 560 – 561.
HAMITON, D.: Methods of Conserving Archaeological Materials from under Watersites, U.S.A:(Texas university Press) 1998, 17.
HODGE, H. W., : «The Conservation and Treatment of Ceramics in the field», in Situ Archaeological Conservation, edited by HODGE , H.W., London: (Oxford University Press ) 1986, 147.
HOGG, S.T., MACPHAIl , D.S., OAKLEY, V., & ROGER, P.S. : «Modern Instrumental Methods for The Study of The Deterioration of Vessel Glass» in The Conservation of Glass and Ceramics , edited by TENNENT , N.H., 40-52, London: ( Maney - Heritage) 1999,42.
KAMEL, I.: East Delta Region, Cairo: (Supreme Council of Antiquities press) 1981,161.
MABROUK, M., & YOSR, E., «Archaeometrical Study of a Rare Embroidered and Appliqued Leather Tapestry from the Safavid Art works. Part1: weaving fibers and dyes», Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 20/ 1, 2020, 163-171.
MIRTI, P.: «The Use of Colour Coordinates to Evaluate Firing Temperature of Ancient Pottery», Archaeometry 40 /1 , 1998,45.
Mohamed, S. «Analytical Study of Techniques of Archeological Pottery in Sinai with Treatment and Conservation of Some Selected Objects» MA Thesis, Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum Uni., :2019.
MORO, D., ULIAN,G., & VALDRE,G.: «SEM-EDS Microanalysis of Ultrathin Glass and Metal Fragments: Measurement Strategy by Monte Carlo simulation in cultural heritage and archaeology», international journal of conservation science 11/ 1, 2020, 223-232.
NAGWA, S.: «Analytical Study and Conservation of Archaeological Terra Sigillata Ware From Roman Period, Tripoli, Libya», journal of Applied Science and Technology 2/2 ,2016, 22.
NICLOLSON, P. T., & SHAW, I.: Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, London: (Cambridge University Press), 2000,67.
NOUREDDINE,A.: Ancient Egyptian Antiquities Sites from the Earliest Times Until the End of the Dynastic Ages, Part One, Lower Egypt, Cairo: (Dar Al-Aqsa for Printing and Publishing) 2018,360.
PEARSON,C.: «Deterioration of Ceramics, Glass and Stone» in Conservation of Marine Archaeological Objects, edited by PEARSON, C., Oxford:( Butter Worth, Heinemann, ltd.,) 2000,98 .
PLENDERLEITH, H. J.: «Problems in the Preservation of monuments» in the Conservation of Cultural Property, London: (Oxford University Press), 1968,125.
PRICE, N.S.:« Excavation and Conservation» in conservation of archaeological excavation, edited by STANLEY PRICE, Italy (ICCROM, Rome) 1984 , 4,
RIEDERER, J.: «Thin Section Microscopy Applied to the Study of Archaeological Ceramics», Hyperfine Interact 154, 2004, 143–158.
SAcD, M.:«Usage of nano materials in the conservation of archaeological pottery: an experimental applied study on some excavated objects from El-Sheikh Hamd-Sohag» MA Thesis Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Sohag Uni., 2018.
SHEPARED A.O.: Ceramics for the Archaeologists, Washington (institution of Washington. Braun-Brumfield, Inc), 1981,75.
STOLTMAN, J.: «The Role of Petrography in the Study of Archaeological Ceramics», in Earth Sciences and Archaeology, edited by GOLDBERG, P., HOLLIDAY, V., & FERRING, C.), New York (Kluwer Academic) 2001, 297–326.
TURKTEKI, S.: «Beycesultan Early Bronze Age I Pottery Group in The Light of New Data», Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 20/ 1, 2020, 59-75.
WELSBY, D.: Early Pottery in the Middle Nile Valley in the pottery in the making world Ceramic Tradition, London (British museum press), 1997, 26-27.