2024-03-28T23:38:17Z
https://jguaa2.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=5059
Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists
2537-026X
2537-026X
2019
4
1
THE BAGOURIA BARRAGE 1281 AH / 1864 AD:AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ARCHITECTURAL STUDY
Badr
Badr
(En) The Bagouria Barrage is one of the most important establishments that were built in the field of irrigation engineering in the governorate of Menoufia during the reign of Khedive Ismail in 1281 AH/ 1864 AD. The Bagouria Barrage consists of five openings with semi-circular arches, including a large central archway that was assigned for entry and exit of boats. It is noted that the Barrage arches are based on stone pillars separated from each other by openings equipped with iron gates used to open and close the barrage. On the left of the barrage, from the eastern side, there is a lock dedicated to the passage of ships and boats on the Bagouria canal. The roof of the barrage contains a road for transport which links the villages and the areas located in the eastern part of the Bagouria Barrage with those located on the western side. The Bagouria Barrage contributed to the development of irrigation and agriculture system in Menoufia through supplying the agricultural lands with summer irrigation water and improving the navigation system in the Bagouria Canal. Most notably is the large number of the Nilometers which were established in the vicinity of the Bagouria Barrage for defining the flood level and the necessary balances of the Bagouria Barrage. In addition, the artistic and decorative elements that adorn the Bagouria Barrage are rare because of the nature of the construction that is located in the middle of one of the waterways.The research elements are as follows:-Frist: Types of Barrages and their architectural composition:The first type (Large barrages). The second type (Influx barrages).The third type (Reservoir and distribution barrages).The Fourth type (Estuary barrages). The fifth type (Division barrages).Second: The role of the Menoufi main canal and the Bagouria canal in the construction of the Bagouria barrages:1- The role of the Menoufi main canal in the construction of the Bagouria barrages.2- The role of the Bagouria Canal in the construction of the Bagouria Barrage.Third: The descriptive study of the Bagouria Barrage:1- Location. 2- Founder and date of construction3- Architectural description.Fourth: The Analytical Study of the Bagouria barrage:1. Architectural and constructional units and elements:A. Semi-circular arches B. Piers (central pillars) C. Side walls.D. Ceiling of the barrage. E. Balustrade of the Barrage. F. The Lock, (The iron gates - The manual tools)G- The barrage gates H- Drondat (side recesses) I- Balancing.J- The bedding. K- The Weir. L- The Cranes.M- The entrances to the Bagouria barrage.2. The artistic and decorative elements of the Bagouria barrage.3. Nilometers of the Bagouria barrage.4. Building materials used in the Bagouria barrag.A- Concrete. B- Stone. C- Bricks. D- The mortar:5. Functional purposes of the Al-Bagouria barrage.The research ends with A table showing the architectural, technical and structural terms used in the research, then the most important results and recommendations followed by a list of the sources and references consulted, and a catalog which includes the illustrative figures and plates used.
The Bagouria Barrage
lock
piers
Iron gates
Latch
bedding
crane
weir
2019
01
01
1
52
https://jguaa2.journals.ekb.eg/article_16154_c7fc2621ff3df432c256aaf467b32674.pdf
Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists
2537-026X
2537-026X
2019
4
1
KAMRAN ISLAND IN YEMEN DURING THE ISLAMIC ERA CULTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY
Mohamed
Enab
(En) Kamran Island is one of the most important and largest islands on the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden because of its distinguished location. It overlooks the most important sea lanes in the world, which reach the east and west. It is one of the most important nature reserves. It is the Pearl of the Red Sea Islands. Kamran Island is considered one of the most important and largest Yemeni islands on the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. It administratively follows the province of Al-Hodeidah. The island includes a variety of archaeological, religious, military and civil monuments dating back to different historical periods since before Islam, and has been renewed more than once. The most important monuments are the Persian Castle, the Great Mosque, Jabbana Mosque, Mosque and shrine of the Iraqi, the palace of Queen Elizabeth II and others. These monuments were characterized by a variety of its styles; they varied from different Islamic styles to European models. The researcher deals with Location and borders of Kamaran Island, The reason for naming Kamran Island by this name, the importance of the strategic location of Kamran Island. The history of the island and the most important historical periods and cultural role of this island, and a descriptive study of the remaining architectural monuments and analysis of the architectural and artistic styles of these monuments. Researcher followed many Approaches like Inductive, Descriptive, Finally comparative and analytical approach.
Kamran
Yemen
Al- Hodeidah
Queen Elizabeth's Palace
Mosque of AL Iraqi
and the Red sea
2019
01
01
53
86
https://jguaa2.journals.ekb.eg/article_28284_ddefea517d67bb3b457397487e2218c1.pdf
Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists
2537-026X
2537-026X
2019
4
1
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE DOMESTICATED CAMEL AND ADVANCED IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES (THE HORIZONTAL WELL/FALAJ SYSTEM) TO THE IRON AGE ECONOMY AND SETTLEMENT PATTERNS OF THE OMAN PENINSULA AND ARABIA.
Noha
Moussa
Iron Age II is considered the classical period of the Iron Age (figure: 2(1) ). This period shows sudden increase in distribution and diversification in settlement pattern, in South-eastern Arabia (2) . The settlements during this period expanded to include inland (3) , mountains (4) and coastal sites (5) . Settlements became more diverse to include non-residential architecture. An appearance of irrigation technology (Falaj) along with camel domestication coincides with this increase. This increase was accompanied by regional (6) (between the varied types of settlements) and transregional contact (with south Arabia) and goods exchange(7) (8) (9) The layout, the location, the structure and the material culture excavated from this period reflects a complex community (10) (11) . This manifested in the appearance of a belief system related to both irrigation and bronze production (the snake cult) (12) , specialized labour in pottery (13) , metal production (14) (15) and administration systems (16) , fortification structures related to the agriculture activity (17) , symbolic (axe heads on the stamp seals) and prestigious goods for elites(18) . This paper argues that irrigation technology was responsible for creating a social elite class. This class was responsible for cyclic production, the expansion and the diversification of settlement patterns using the domestication of the camel.
Iron Age II
economy
Settlement pattern
irrigation system
Oman
Arabian Peninsula
falaj system
Trade
ceramic
metal objects
2019
01
01
87
115
https://jguaa2.journals.ekb.eg/article_26007_ca616d1bb3c578e2b8dff99a1daed2fa.pdf