ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE PROFESSIONS AND HIERARCHY OF NEKHEBU
(En) The aim of this paper is to examine the titles and professions of an Old Kingdom official particularly a sixth dynasty royal Architect who performed the tasks of his career under the sovereign Pepi I.Mr(i)-PtH-anx-mry-Ra was the full of that official who was also called Nekhebu, his tomb is located in Giza near king cheop’s great pyramid, his father was possibly khnementi the owner of tomb G 2374 but the name of his mother was still unknown.The paper provides a general overview of Nekhebu’s practical life through a detailed analysis of the different and various titles and epithets he held during his long resplendent career, as well as the diverse professions he occupied in the civil Egyptian Administration of the Old Kingdom.Nekhebu was one of the most important civil officials in the sixth dynasty as a whole and particularly in the reign of the monarch Pepi I who executed many projects and expeditions for him.The Author depends in that paper on many scattered sources for Nekhebu’s biography, this is due to the great destruction of his stone built mastaba which led to the cracking of the walls of his mastaba to several too heavy blocks found in a disordered heap of debris.The two main sources for Nekhebu’s biography were found by Reisner in the tomb complex of snDm-ib’s family of the fifth and sixth dynasties at Giza, one of these two main sources is located in the Cairo museum while the other one is located in Boston museum, both texts record many projects that Nekhebu executed to the king, as according to their inscriptions he was responsible for directing four missions for the king Pepi I.The first mission was directing the erection of the ka-mansions of Pepi in Lower Egypt and directing the Administration at the north in “city of Lakes”, in “Akhbit of Horus” and the pyramid of Men-nefer-pepy (the pyramid of king Pepi I), the second mission was in Lower Egypt where he dug a canal between Akhbit and the residence, the third mission was in Upper Egypt as Nekhebu dug a canal in Ḳus while the fourth mission which is recorded in the Cairo text presented his responsibility in directing the works of a pyramid monument in Heliopolis.After every mission Nekhebu executed for the king, he stated the praises and rewards offered to him as a gift from the king in appreciation of his efforts to achieve the mission successfully.In addition to these two main sources there are some blocks from his mastaba preserved now in Boston museum which the author depends on them in the paper.These sources record many different titles for Nekhebu which helped to suggest an accurate topic concerning his promotion and Hierarchy during the reign of Pepi I.The paper examines all the titles and epithets held by Nekhebu from his various inscriptions, the reading of each title and the different opinions suggested by scholars concerning each title’s reading, its transliteration and the translation as well as the functions and natures of each title and the different points of view suggested by scholars regarding each title whether it was an honorific title or an official one indicates an actual profession.The paper concludes two distinct types of titles which indicate two different career tracks that Nekhebu passed by during his long career.And finally, the paper suggests a proposed Hierarchy for Nekhebu according to these titles.
https://jguaa2.journals.ekb.eg/article_92828_d335deef22e6942c90b5c5437080b785.pdf
2020-06-01
1
28
Nekhebu
Royal builder
King’s Architect
Overseer of Royal works
Professions
Hierarchy
Royal Service
Ahmed
Abdelmoniem
ahmedhamdy_foa@hotmail.com
1
department of history and Egyptian and Islamic Archaeology, faculty of Arts, Alexandria university, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE CAT KING (PAMI) ACCORDING TO THE MONUMENTS
(En) Rare evidences were found for the Cat King (789-784 B.C) who is variously spelled as, Pami, Pemu , or Pamiu. There is a misconception transcription of his name as Pimay (PA-mAi) which means a lion. The term was used by past historians based on the misreading of a small statuary group (CG 9430). Furthermore, there is no guarantee that the group belongs to King Pami. Hence, there is no evidence that he was son of King Shoshenq III (841–803B.C). It is highly probable that another king Shoshenq, called Shoshenq IIIa or Shoshenq Ib (?- 790 B.C) with the Throne name HD-xpr-Ra, must be inserted here between Shoshenq III and Pami. Shoshenq III and his successor King Shoshenq IIIa filled the fifty two years which were estimated before Shoshenq III only, and that accords to the Apis bull’s twenty six years lifespan from the twenty eighth years of Shoshenq III to the second year of Pami. The full length of Pami's reign at Tanis is not certain. It is not certain that another king (e.g., an older son of Pami) has ruled between Pami and Shoshenq V (783- 746B.C). Finally, it is likely that Pami was buried in one of the vaults of the royal necropolis of Tanis, according to the meager remains that were collected from the tomb NRT II.
https://jguaa2.journals.ekb.eg/article_94876_8aded62dba112f578c6cca80f3bb4573.pdf
2020-06-01
29
43
10.21608/jguaa2.2020.27924.1029
Pami
Pimay
Pamu
Pamiu
Shoshenq Ib
Shoshenq IIIa
CAT
lion
22nd Dynasty
Heba
Mahmoud
hebamaher45@gmail.com
1
Department of Egyptology, Faculty of Art, Mansoura University, Egypt .
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
REHABILITATION OF DOMAT AL-JANDAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE
(En) Domat al-Jandal site contains a wealth of diverse monuments, reflecting the historical depth of the area, as it was a conduit for commercial convoys and a display for many important historical events. Accordingly, this study aims to find appropriate solutions to preserve this significant archeological site, rehabilitate it , and develop it architecturally, culturally and economically, highlighting its cultural features and its historical dimension.Before this, the study begins with a brief overview of Domat al-Jandal site in terms of identifying its location and determining the morphological stages it passed through (its planning, its architectural design, and the architectural uses of its lands). The study attempts to fulfill its objectives and answer the following questions:-What is the current state of the architectural monuments in Domat al-Jandal site? - Preserving monuments is a national responsibility to be borne by all, as they are a source of inspiration for great history. Based on the importance of Domat al-Jandal site, is there a way to historically display it?-Is there a way to preserve the remaining monuments from negligence, tampering and removal?- Is there an appropriate way to restore and maintain the ruined buildings?- In addition, monuments are regarded as an economic source, so is there a possibility for rehabilitating the site within the modern architectural design to become an archaeological center and a touristic attraction, without affecting the old heritage?- The historical depth of Domat al-Jandal site, now known as the "daraa neighborhood", includes the oldest historical monuments, such as the fortress of Mard that was built before Islam, Omar ibn al-Khattab Mosque of a unique architectural style with its conical minaret, and the old market that is one of the initial markets of Arabs before Islam. For these distinct considerations, is it possible to select daraa neighborhood, transforming Domat al-Jandal site into a global important heritage site? (Ar) يحتوي موقع دومة الجندل على کم هائل من الآثار المتنوعة، التي تعکس العمق التاريخي للمنطقة، حيث کانت ممراً للقوافل التجارية ومسرحاً للکثير من الأحداث التاريخية الهامة . وانطلاقا من هذه الأهمية جاءت هذه الدراسة بهدف ايجاد حلول مناسبة للمحافظة على هذا الموقع الأثري المهم وإعادة تأهيله( ) وتطويره وتنميته عمرانيًا وثقافيًا واقتصاديًا، بما يُبرز معالمه الحضارية وبعده التاريخي . وقبل هذا کله تبدأ الدراسة بلمحة موجزة عن دومة الجندل من حيث تحديد موقعها، والتعرف على معطيات المراحل المورفولوجية التي مرت بها (تخطيطها ونسيجها العمراني، والاستعمالات الحضرية لأراضيها)، محاولة تحقيق أهدافها الرامية والإجابة على التساؤلات التالية : - ما هو الوضع الحالي للآثار المعمارية في موقع دومة الجندل، وما هو حجم المتهالک والمندثر منها ؟- المحافظة على الآثار مسئولية وطنية يتحملها الجميع، فهي تعد مصدر إلهام لتاريخنا العظيم، وانطلاقًا من أهمية موقع دومة الجندل، فهل من سبيل لإبرازها تاريخياً ؟- وهل من سبيل للمحافظة على آثارها الباقية من الإهمال والعبث والإزالة ؟ - وهل هناک طريقة لاستدراک ما ضاع منها، أو حلول مناسبة لترميم وصيانة مبانيها المتهالکة ؟- إضافة إلى إن الآثار تعد مصدراً اقتصاديًا، فهل هناک إمکانية إعادة تأهيل الموقع ضمن النسيج الحضري الحديث ليصبح مرکزا أثريًا ورافداً سياحياً، دون التأثير على التراث القديم .
https://jguaa2.journals.ekb.eg/article_79601_b4704d14f56f5ad5bce816c043ef2627.pdf
2020-06-01
44
65
10.21608/jguaa2.2020.23431.1026
Rehabilitation
archaeological site
Architecture
Domat al-Jandal
Saudi Arabia
old cities
Domat
HISSAH
ALSHAMMARI
he.alshammari@hotmail.com
1
Department of History, college of Literature, Princess Nora bint AbdulRahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
DOCUMENT OF LISTS REGISTER OF THE MUSAQEFAT "TAXES" OF SULTAN MOHAMED KHAN ( 1327 – 1337 A.H L 1909 – 1918 A.D ) "STUDY & PUBLISH"
(En) The instruments of endowments and documents are considered one of the most important undoubted historical resources due to the important historical facts they carry, such as the names the administrators of the endowment as well as the era of the endowment. Reading those documents is not an easy task due to their patterns that varied between Naskh and alraqea, in addition to the analysis of each piece of information appearing on the document. This endowment represents a great importance in Mecca entails as it significantly impacted the study of the important role of the workers in the Grand mosque in Mecca and the administration of endowments in preserving the endowments of the holy mosque of Mecca. The following are the results of the study: 1 – Registering and publishing the document as part of the history of holy Mecca. 2 – Documenting and invoking some places in holy Mecca, such as the shop located in the alley of al-Hgr in front of the Prophet's door; one of the doors of the holy mosque of Mecca, and the Hush of Sheikh Jan Al-Naqshbandi as well as Al-Aazam Street at the line of endeavoring. 3 – The endowment detected one of the most important entails in holy Mecca that is of sultan Mohamed Qaitbey. 4 – The endowment observed the names of some renowned persons, such as Mohamed and Naffisa progeny of the late Mr. Ahmed Abi Abd Allah Al-Merghani, and the name of Aisha the daughter of the late Mohamed Rizq Bn "son of" Abd Al-Rahman Al-Tahifi Al-Yamani Al-Samman. 5 – The endowment observed the name of the beholder, who was the Sheriff of Mecca, Sheriff Al- Hussein, son of the late Sheriff abd Al-Moen, son of Sheriff Oan. 6 – The endowment referred to the name of the vice of endowment that was Mr. Soliman, the vicar of the holy mosque "Haram", son of Mr. Ahmed abd Al-Wahab, the vicar of Haram. (Ar) تعد صکوک الأوقاف والوثائق أحد أهم المصادر التاريخية غير القابلة للطعن حيث تکمن أهمية هذه الوثائق في معرفة العديد من الحقائق التاريخية الهامة ومنها أسماء القائمين على الوقف والمنشأة الموقوفة بالإضافة إلى الفترة الزمنية الواقعة في تاريخ الوقفية، کما أن قراءة صکوک ووثائق الوقف بصفة عامة ليست بالعملية السهلة وإنما هي عملية شاقة وصعبة من حيث الوقت في قراءة تلک الوثائق بالإضافة إلى صعوبة قراءة الخطوط التي کتبت بها هذه السجلات والتي تنوعت ما بين خط النسخ والثلث والرقعة، بالإضافة إلى تحليل کل معلومة وردت في هذه الوثيقة، وتمثل هذه الوقفية أهمية کبيرة في الأوقاف المکية لما لها من دور في دراسة الدور الکبير الذي قام به العاملين بالحرم المکي وإدارة الأوقاف بمکة المکرمة في الحفاظ على أوقاف الحرم المکي الشريف. ومن أهم نتائج الدراسة ما يلى: 1- تسجيل ونشر الوثيقة باعتبارها جزءاً من تاريخ مکة المکرمة. 2- توثيق وتحديد لبعض الأماکن في مکة المکرمة مثل الدکان الکائن بزقاق الحجر المقابل لباب النبي، أحد أبواب المسجد الحرام المکي وحوش الشيخ جان النقسبندي بحارة القشاشية والشارع الأعظم بخط المسعى. 3- تميزت الوقفية بالکشف عن أحد أهم الأوقاف في مکة المکرمة وهو وقف السلطان المملوکي محمد قايتباي. 4- رصدت الوقفية أسماء بعض الأشخاص المستحقين للوقف ومنهم السيد محمد ونفيسه ولدي المرحوم السيد أحمد أبي عبدالله الميرغني وعائشة بنت المرحوم محمد رزق بن عبدالرحمن الطحيفي اليماني السمان. 5- کشفت الوقفية اسم ناظر هذا الوقف وهو شريف مکة الشريف الحسين نجل المرحوم محمد نجل المرحوم الشريف عبدالمعين ابن الشريف عون. 6- أشارت الوقفية إلى اسم وکيل الوقف وهو السيد سليمان نائب الحرم ابن المرحوم السيد أحمد عبدالوهاب نائب الحرم.
https://jguaa2.journals.ekb.eg/article_79523_7feb1d909a0f4d22b47ad9a49a9662a9.pdf
2020-06-01
66
95
10.21608/jguaa2.2020.26055.1027
Documen, Holly Mecca, register, lists, Sultan Mohamed Khan, the Holly Mosque of Mecca, Haram, Sheriff Husein
Vicar of endowment
Hosain
Shafie
drhosain1429@hotmail.com
1
Professor at Umm Al Qura University, Saudi Arabia
LEAD_AUTHOR